ف ق ه

فقّههُ , (S, K,) inf. n. تَفْقِيهٌ , (K,) He (God) made him to know or have knowledge [or to understand, or instructed him], or taught him; (S, * K, TA;) and (K) so ↓ افقههُ , (Msb, K,) or he made him to understand. (S, Mgh.) It is said in a trad., اَللّٰهُمَّ عَلِّمْهُ الدِّينَ وَفَقِّهْهُ فِى التَّأْوِيلِ i. e. O God, teach him الدين [app. here meaning the science of the law] and [instruct him in] the تأويل [or interpretation, &c.,] and the meaning thereof. (TA.) And you say, الشَّىْءَ ↓ أَفْقَهْتُكَ I made thee to understand, (S, Msb, *) or I taught thee, (Msb,) the thing. (S, Msb.) And ↓ أَفْقَنْتُهُ I explained to him the learning of الفِقْه [meaning the science of the law]. (T, TA.)

فاقههُ He searched with him into [matters of] science, disputing with him, (S, K,) ↓ فَفَقَهَهُ , aor. فَقُهَ , [inf. n. فَقْهٌ ,] and he overcame him therein. (K.)

أَفْقَهَ see 2, in three places.

تفقّه He learned knowledge, or science: (M voce سَوَّدَ :) [and particularly] he learned الفِقْه [meaning the science of the law]: (JK:) or he took, or applied himself, to the acquisition of الفِقْه [meaning thus]. (S, TA.) And تفقّه فِى العِلْمِ is like تَعَلَّمَ [meaning He became, or made himself, learned, or thoroughly learned, in science]. (Msb.) لِيَتَفَقَّهُوا فِى الدِّينِ , in the Kur ix. 123, means That they may task themselves to obtain understanding in الدّيَنْ [i. e. the law, or religion in general], imposing upon themselves the difficulties attendant on the acquisition thereof. (Ksh, Bd.) See also 1, in two places; in the latter of which it is mentioned as transitive.

فِقْهٌ [as a simple subst.] signifies Understanding (S, Msb, K) of a thing; (Msb, K;) and knowledge thereof; (Msb, K;) and intelligence: (K:) accord. to IF, any knowledge of a thing is thus termed: (Msb:) [hence فِقْهُ اللُّغَةِ The science of lexicology is the title of a work written by him; and of another work, by Eth-Tha'álibee:] and, as used by the lawyers [and others], الفِقْهُ denotes a particular science; (Msb;) it signifies particularly, (S, TA,) or predominantly, (K, TA,) The science of the law; [jurisprudence;] (S, K, TA;) syn. عِلْمُ الشَّرِيعَةِ , (S, TA,) or عِلْمُ الدِّينِ , [which is the same as علم الشريعة ,] because of its preëminence (K, TA) above the other kinds of science: (TA:) and more particularly, the science of the فُرُوع [or derivative institutes] of the law. (TA.)

فَقُهٌ ; and its fem., with ة : see the next paragraph.

فَقِيهٌ Any one possessing knowledge of a thing. (TA.) فَفِيهُ العَرَبِ signifies The عَالِم [or man of knowledge] of the Arabs; (TA;) and was an appellation given to El-Hárith Ibn-Keledeh ( الحٰرِثُ بْنُ كَلَدَةَ ), who was also called طَبِيبُ العَرَبِ [as is said in the S in art. ازم ], because this appellation is syn. with the former; but IKh and El- Hareeree do not mean by فقيها لعرب any particular person. (Mz, close of the 39th نوع .) ― -b2- [Particularly and predominantly,] فَقِيهٌ signifies One possessing knowledge of the law; [a lawyer;] (S, K;) as also ↓ فَقُهٌ ; (Msb, K;) fem. فَقِيهَةٌ and ↓ فَقُهَةٌ : pl. [of فَقِيهٌ ] فُقَهَا=ءُ ; and [of فَفِيهَةٌ ] فَقَايءِهُ and فُقَهَا=ءُ ; (K;) the last of these pls. mentioned by Lh, and anomalous, as applied to women: ISd says, “ in my opinion, he, of the Arabs, who says فُقَهَا=ء [in speaking of women] takes no account of the fem. ة : it is like فُقَرَا=ءُ applied to women. ” (TA.) [In Egypt, the appellation فِقِى , a vulgar corruption of فَقِيه , is now applied to A schoolmaster; and to a person who recites the Kur-án &c. for hire.] ― -b3- فَحْلٌ فَقِيهٌ means A stallion [camel] expert in covering, (K, TA,) that knows well the she-camels that are lusting, and the pregnant. (TA.)

المُسْتَفْقِهَةُ The female companion of the wailing woman, who responds to her (K, TA) in what she says; because she catches and retains quickly, and understands, what she [the former] says, and to reply to it: [as though it signified “ she who seeks, or desires, to understand: ”] it is said in a trad. that each of these persons is cursed by God. (TA.)