From Edward William Lane, An Arabic-English Lexicon (1863–1893), under the root خشى. Digitised by the Perseus Project (Tufts); Arabic decoded from Perseus's transliteration.
خَشِىَ , aor. يَخْشَى , inf. n. خَشْيَةٌ (JK, S, M, Msb, K) and خَشْىٌ (JK, M, K) and خِشْىٌ (Sgh, K) [the second and third erroneously written in the CK خَشًا and (by indication) خِشًا ] and خَشَاةٌ (M, K) and خَشْيَانٌ , (JK, M, K,) though it has been said that the only instances of this kind are شَنْا=نٌ and لَيَّانٌ , [see the former of these two,] but in one copy of the M found written خِشْيَانٌ , (TA,) and مَخْشَاةٌ (JK, M, K) and مَخْشِيَةٌ , (M, K,) He feared; syn. خَافَ : (JK, S, M, Msb, K:) or, accord. to Er-Rághib and others, he dreaded; or feared with reverence, veneration, respect, honour, or awe. (TA.) You say, خَشِيَهُ He feared him, or it; [or he dreaded him, or it; i. e. feared him, or it, with reverence, &c.;] as also ↓ تخشّاهُ . (K.) [And خَشِىَ مِنْهُ , meaning the same: or He feared, or dreaded, what might happen to him from him, or it. And خَشِىَ عَلَيْهِ شَيْيءًا He feared, or dreaded, for him a thing.] And فَعَلْتُ ذٰلِكَ خَشَاةَ أَنْ يَكُونَ كَذَا [I did that in fear, or dread, that such a thing might happen]. (IAar, TA.) ― -b2- خَشَيْتُهُ also signifies Hope. (Er-Rághib, TA.) And the saying of Ibn-'Abbás to 'Omar, لَقَدْ أَكْثَرْتَ مِنَ الدُّعَا=ءِ بِالمَوْتِ حَتَّى خَشِيتُ أَنْ يَكُونَ ذٰلِكَ أَسْهَلَ لَكَ عِنْدَ نُزُولِهِ , is explained as meaning [Verily thou hast prayed much for death, so that] I hope [that it may be easier to thee when it happens]. (TA.) ― -b3- And sometimes خَشِيتُ means عَلِمْتُ [I knew, or know]. (Msb.) So it is said to mean in the saying of the poet. وَلَقَدْ خَشِيتُ بِأَ مَنْ تَبِعَ الهُدَى سكَنَ الجِنَانَ مَعَ النَّبِىِّ مُحَمَّدِ [And I know assuredly that he who follows the right direction shall dwell in the gardens of Paradise with the Prophet Mohammad]: (S, TA:) or the meaning may be, I hope. (TA.) ― -b4- In the saying in the Kur [xviii. 79], فَخَشِينَا أَنْ يُرْهِقَهُمَا طُغْيَانًا وَكُفْرًا , the meaning is said, by Akh, to be And we disapproved [that he should make excessive disobedience, and ingratitude, to come upon them twain]; (S;) and so says Zj, explaining it as the saying of El-Khidr: or, accord. to Fr, the meaning is, and we knew. (TA. [See also أَزْهَقَ .]) -A2- خَاشَانِى فَخَشَيْتُهُ : see 3.
خشّاهُ , inf. n. تَخْشِيَةٌ , He frightened him, or made him to fear; (S, K;) [or he made him to dread; or to fear with reverence, &c.; (see 1;)] بِالأَمْرِ [with the thing, or event]. (TA.) One says, خَشِّ ذُوءَالَةَ بِالحِبَالَةِ , meaning [Frighten thou] the wolf [with the snare]. (S. [See art. ذأل .]) And لَقَدْ كُنْتُ وَمَا أُخَشَّى بِالذِّيءْبِ [Verily I used to be in a state when I was not frightened by the wolf]: a prov. (JK, TA.)
خَاْشَىَ ↓ خَاشَانِى فَخَشَيْتُهُ , (A'Obeyd, S, K,) aor. of the latter أَخْشِيهِ , (A'Obeyd, S,) [I vied with him in fear or dread, and] I was more fearful [or dreading] than he. (A 'Obeyed, S, K.) ― -b2- خَاشَى فُلَانًا , (JK, TA,) inf. n. مُخَاشَاةٌ , (TA,) He left, forsook, relinquished, or abandoned, such a one, being left, &c., by him. (JK, TA.) ― -b3- خاشى بِهِمْ He guarded himself against them in an extraordinary degree, and was cautious, or wary, (JK, TA,) and therefore turned away, or withdrew. (TA.)
تَخَشَّىَ see 1, second sentence.
خَشٍ : see what next follows.
خَشْيَانُ Fearful, or fearing; (S, Msb, TA;) [or dreading; i. e. fearing with reverence, &c.: (see 1:)] as also ↓ خَاشٍ and ↓ خَشٍ : (K:) fem. خَشْيَا , (S, Msb, K, [in the CK, erroneously, خَشْيَا=ءُ ,]) like غَضْبَى fem, of غَضْبَانُ , (Msb,) accord. to rule, (TA,) and خَشْيَانَةٌ , mentioned by El- arzookee, and thought by MF to be of the dial. of Asad; (TA;) or this signifies a wo man who fears, or dreads, ( تَخْشَى ,) everything; (JK, TA;) so in the Tekmileh: (TA:) pl. خَشَايَا , (K,) pluralized in a similar manner to epithets significant of diseases, like حَيَاطَى &c., because الخَشْيَة is like a disease. (TA.)
خَشَا=ءٌ Land such as is termed جَهَادٌ [i. e. hard; or having no herbage; or hard, and having no herbage; or level; or rugged, &c.]. (JK, Sgh, K.)
خَشِىٌّ Dry; (As, JK, S, K;) like حَشِىٌّ ; (As, S;) applied to herbage; (As, S;) or to herbs and trees: (JK:) or dry and rotten. (IAar, TA.) A rájiz says, (S,) namely, Sakhr, (TA,) سَمُّ ذَرَارِيحَ رِطَابٍ وَخَشِىْ [Poison of moist cantharides, and dry]; (S, TA;) meaning وَخَشِىٍّ , suppressing one of the two ى s by poetic license. (IB, TA.)
خَاشٍ : see خَشْيَانُ .
أَخْشَى meaning More [and most] fearful, or feared, [or dreaded,] (S, K,) is anomalous, (K,) being from the pass. [verb, like its syn. أَخْوَفُ ]. (TA.) You say, هٰذَا المَكَانُ أَخْشَى مِنْ ذَاكَ This place is more fearful, or feared, [or dreaded,] than that. (S, K. *)
مَخَاشٍ [pl. of مَخْشَاةٌ , originally مَخْشَيَةٌ ,] Causes of fear [or dread]; syn. مَخَاوِفُ [pl. of مَخَافَةٌ : like which, مَخْشَاةٌ is also an inf. n.]. (Har p. 138.)
The roots that most often share a verse with خ ش ي. Window: the verse. Measure: the number of distinct verses in which both roots occur (of the 40 this root appears in). Ubiquitous roots are excluded so genuinely connected concepts surface — see the method.
Page 1 of 2. The root is highlighted in each verse.
ثُمَّقَسَتْقُلُوبُكُممِّنۢبَعْدِذَٰلِكَفَهِىَكَٱلْحِجَارَةِأَوْأَشَدُّقَسْوَةًوَإِنَّمِنَٱلْحِجَارَةِلَمَايَتَفَجَّرُمِنْهُٱلْأَنْهَٰرُوَإِنَّمِنْهَالَمَايَشَّقَّقُفَيَخْرُجُمِنْهُٱلْمَآءُوَإِنَّمِنْهَالَمَايَهْبِطُمِنْخَشْيَةِٱللَّهِوَمَاٱللَّهُبِغَٰفِلٍعَمَّاتَعْمَلُونَ
Reference 2:74وَمِنْحَيْثُخَرَجْتَفَوَلِّوَجْهَكَشَطْرَٱلْمَسْجِدِٱلْحَرَامِوَحَيْثُمَاكُنتُمْفَوَلُّوا۟وُجُوهَكُمْشَطْرَهُۥلِئَلَّايَكُونَلِلنَّاسِعَلَيْكُمْحُجَّةٌإِلَّاٱلَّذِينَظَلَمُوا۟مِنْهُمْفَلَاتَخْشَوْهُمْوَٱخْشَوْنِىوَلِأُتِمَّنِعْمَتِىعَلَيْكُمْوَلَعَلَّكُمْتَهْتَدُونَ
Reference 2:150ٱلَّذِينَقَالَلَهُمُٱلنَّاسُإِنَّٱلنَّاسَقَدْجَمَعُوا۟لَكُمْفَٱخْشَوْهُمْفَزَادَهُمْإِيمَٰنًاوَقَالُوا۟حَسْبُنَاٱللَّهُوَنِعْمَٱلْوَكِيلُ
Reference 3:173وَلْيَخْشَٱلَّذِينَلَوْتَرَكُوا۟مِنْخَلْفِهِمْذُرِّيَّةًضِعَٰفًاخَافُوا۟عَلَيْهِمْفَلْيَتَّقُوا۟ٱللَّهَوَلْيَقُولُوا۟قَوْلًاسَدِيدًا
Reference 4:9وَمَنلَّمْيَسْتَطِعْمِنكُمْطَوْلًاأَنيَنكِحَٱلْمُحْصَنَٰتِٱلْمُؤْمِنَٰتِفَمِنمَّامَلَكَتْأَيْمَٰنُكُممِّنفَتَيَٰتِكُمُٱلْمُؤْمِنَٰتِوَٱللَّهُأَعْلَمُبِإِيمَٰنِكُمبَعْضُكُممِّنۢبَعْضٍفَٱنكِحُوهُنَّبِإِذْنِأَهْلِهِنَّوَءَاتُوهُنَّأُجُورَهُنَّبِٱلْمَعْرُوفِمُحْصَنَٰتٍغَيْرَمُسَٰفِحَٰتٍوَلَامُتَّخِذَٰتِأَخْدَانٍفَإِذَآأُحْصِنَّفَإِنْأَتَيْنَبِفَٰحِشَةٍفَعَلَيْهِنَّنِصْفُمَاعَلَىٱلْمُحْصَنَٰتِمِنَٱلْعَذَابِذَٰلِكَلِمَنْخَشِىَٱلْعَنَتَمِنكُمْوَأَنتَصْبِرُوا۟خَيْرٌلَّكُمْوَٱللَّهُغَفُورٌرَّحِيمٌ
Reference 4:25أَلَمْتَرَإِلَىٱلَّذِينَقِيلَلَهُمْكُفُّوٓا۟أَيْدِيَكُمْوَأَقِيمُوا۟ٱلصَّلَوٰةَوَءَاتُوا۟ٱلزَّكَوٰةَفَلَمَّاكُتِبَعَلَيْهِمُٱلْقِتَالُإِذَافَرِيقٌمِّنْهُمْيَخْشَوْنَٱلنَّاسَكَخَشْيَةِٱللَّهِأَوْأَشَدَّخَشْيَةًوَقَالُوا۟رَبَّنَالِمَكَتَبْتَعَلَيْنَاٱلْقِتَالَلَوْلَآأَخَّرْتَنَآإِلَىٰٓأَجَلٍقَرِيبٍقُلْمَتَٰعُٱلدُّنْيَاقَلِيلٌوَٱلْـَٔاخِرَةُخَيْرٌلِّمَنِٱتَّقَىٰوَلَاتُظْلَمُونَفَتِيلًا
Reference 4:77حُرِّمَتْعَلَيْكُمُٱلْمَيْتَةُوَٱلدَّمُوَلَحْمُٱلْخِنزِيرِوَمَآأُهِلَّلِغَيْرِٱللَّهِبِهِۦوَٱلْمُنْخَنِقَةُوَٱلْمَوْقُوذَةُوَٱلْمُتَرَدِّيَةُوَٱلنَّطِيحَةُوَمَآأَكَلَٱلسَّبُعُإِلَّامَاذَكَّيْتُمْوَمَاذُبِحَعَلَىٱلنُّصُبِوَأَنتَسْتَقْسِمُوا۟بِٱلْأَزْلَٰمِذَٰلِكُمْفِسْقٌٱلْيَوْمَيَئِسَٱلَّذِينَكَفَرُوا۟مِندِينِكُمْفَلَاتَخْشَوْهُمْوَٱخْشَوْنِٱلْيَوْمَأَكْمَلْتُلَكُمْدِينَكُمْوَأَتْمَمْتُعَلَيْكُمْنِعْمَتِىوَرَضِيتُلَكُمُٱلْإِسْلَٰمَدِينًافَمَنِٱضْطُرَّفِىمَخْمَصَةٍغَيْرَمُتَجَانِفٍلِّإِثْمٍفَإِنَّٱللَّهَغَفُورٌرَّحِيمٌ
Reference 5:3إِنَّآأَنزَلْنَاٱلتَّوْرَىٰةَفِيهَاهُدًىوَنُورٌيَحْكُمُبِهَاٱلنَّبِيُّونَٱلَّذِينَأَسْلَمُوا۟لِلَّذِينَهَادُوا۟وَٱلرَّبَّٰنِيُّونَوَٱلْأَحْبَارُبِمَاٱسْتُحْفِظُوا۟مِنكِتَٰبِٱللَّهِوَكَانُوا۟عَلَيْهِشُهَدَآءَفَلَاتَخْشَوُا۟ٱلنَّاسَوَٱخْشَوْنِوَلَاتَشْتَرُوا۟بِـَٔايَٰتِىثَمَنًاقَلِيلًاوَمَنلَّمْيَحْكُمبِمَآأَنزَلَٱللَّهُفَأُو۟لَٰٓئِكَهُمُٱلْكَٰفِرُونَ
Reference 5:44فَتَرَىٱلَّذِينَفِىقُلُوبِهِممَّرَضٌيُسَٰرِعُونَفِيهِمْيَقُولُونَنَخْشَىٰٓأَنتُصِيبَنَادَآئِرَةٌفَعَسَىٱللَّهُأَنيَأْتِىَبِٱلْفَتْحِأَوْأَمْرٍمِّنْعِندِهِۦفَيُصْبِحُوا۟عَلَىٰمَآأَسَرُّوا۟فِىٓأَنفُسِهِمْنَٰدِمِينَ
Reference 5:52أَلَاتُقَٰتِلُونَقَوْمًانَّكَثُوٓا۟أَيْمَٰنَهُمْوَهَمُّوا۟بِإِخْرَاجِٱلرَّسُولِوَهُمبَدَءُوكُمْأَوَّلَمَرَّةٍأَتَخْشَوْنَهُمْفَٱللَّهُأَحَقُّأَنتَخْشَوْهُإِنكُنتُممُّؤْمِنِينَ
Reference 9:13إِنَّمَايَعْمُرُمَسَٰجِدَٱللَّهِمَنْءَامَنَبِٱللَّهِوَٱلْيَوْمِٱلْـَٔاخِرِوَأَقَامَٱلصَّلَوٰةَوَءَاتَىٱلزَّكَوٰةَوَلَمْيَخْشَإِلَّاٱللَّهَفَعَسَىٰٓأُو۟لَٰٓئِكَأَنيَكُونُوا۟مِنَٱلْمُهْتَدِينَ
Reference 9:18قُلْإِنكَانَءَابَآؤُكُمْوَأَبْنَآؤُكُمْوَإِخْوَٰنُكُمْوَأَزْوَٰجُكُمْوَعَشِيرَتُكُمْوَأَمْوَٰلٌٱقْتَرَفْتُمُوهَاوَتِجَٰرَةٌتَخْشَوْنَكَسَادَهَاوَمَسَٰكِنُتَرْضَوْنَهَآأَحَبَّإِلَيْكُممِّنَٱللَّهِوَرَسُولِهِۦوَجِهَادٍفِىسَبِيلِهِۦفَتَرَبَّصُوا۟حَتَّىٰيَأْتِىَٱللَّهُبِأَمْرِهِۦوَٱللَّهُلَايَهْدِىٱلْقَوْمَٱلْفَٰسِقِينَ
Reference 9:24وَٱلَّذِينَيَصِلُونَمَآأَمَرَٱللَّهُبِهِۦٓأَنيُوصَلَوَيَخْشَوْنَرَبَّهُمْوَيَخَافُونَسُوٓءَٱلْحِسَابِ
Reference 13:21وَلَاتَقْتُلُوٓا۟أَوْلَٰدَكُمْخَشْيَةَإِمْلَٰقٍنَّحْنُنَرْزُقُهُمْوَإِيَّاكُمْإِنَّقَتْلَهُمْكَانَخِطْـًٔاكَبِيرًا
Reference 17:31قُللَّوْأَنتُمْتَمْلِكُونَخَزَآئِنَرَحْمَةِرَبِّىٓإِذًالَّأَمْسَكْتُمْخَشْيَةَٱلْإِنفَاقِوَكَانَٱلْإِنسَٰنُقَتُورًا
Reference 17:100وَأَمَّاٱلْغُلَٰمُفَكَانَأَبَوَاهُمُؤْمِنَيْنِفَخَشِينَآأَنيُرْهِقَهُمَاطُغْيَٰنًاوَكُفْرًا
Reference 18:80إِلَّاتَذْكِرَةًلِّمَنيَخْشَىٰ
Reference 20:3فَقُولَالَهُۥقَوْلًالَّيِّنًالَّعَلَّهُۥيَتَذَكَّرُأَوْيَخْشَىٰ
Reference 20:44وَلَقَدْأَوْحَيْنَآإِلَىٰمُوسَىٰٓأَنْأَسْرِبِعِبَادِىفَٱضْرِبْلَهُمْطَرِيقًافِىٱلْبَحْرِيَبَسًالَّاتَخَٰفُدَرَكًاوَلَاتَخْشَىٰ
Reference 20:77قَالَيَبْنَؤُمَّلَاتَأْخُذْبِلِحْيَتِىوَلَابِرَأْسِىٓإِنِّىخَشِيتُأَنتَقُولَفَرَّقْتَبَيْنَبَنِىٓإِسْرَٰٓءِيلَوَلَمْتَرْقُبْقَوْلِى
Reference 20:94No published investigation cites this root yet. When one does, it appears here — the evidence links back to the argument.