From Edward William Lane, An Arabic-English Lexicon (1863–1893), under the root رأف. Digitised by the Perseus Project (Tufts); Arabic decoded from Perseus's transliteration.
رَوءُفَ بِهِ , (AZ, T, S, M, O, K,) aor. رَاُءَ ; (AZ, T, S, O;) and رَأَفَ , (AZ, T, S, M, K,) aor. رَاَءَ ; (AZ, T, S;) and رَيءِفَ ; (AZ, S, M, O, K;) inf. n. رَأْفَةٌ and رَا=فَةٌ (AZ, T, S, M, O, K) and رَأَفٌ (AZ, S, K) and رَأْفٌ , (O,) the first and second being inf. ns. of رَوءُفَ , [or the first is of رَأَفَ ,] and the third being inf. n. of رَيءِفَ , (AZ, S, O,) and the fourth being of رَأَفَ ; (O;) said of God, (K,) and of a man; (AZ, T, S;) [He pitied, or compassionated, him: or he pitied him, or compassionated him, tenderly; or in the utmost degree; or most tenderly: for] رَأَفْةٌ is syn. with رَحْمَةٌ : (Fr, T, M, K: *) or it denotes a more special and more tender affection than رَحْمَةٌ ; (T;) or the utmost degree thereof; (S, K;) or the most tender thereof: (K:) and رَافَ [in the CK رَأَفَ , as before, and in Freytag's Lex. رَاءَفَ ,] and رَاوَفَ signify the same: (K:) [the right reading here appears to be رَافَ ; (for it is said in the K in art. روف that رَافَ , aor. يَرَافُ , is a dial. var. of رَأَفَ , aor. يَرْأَفُ ;) and رَاوَفَ is-doubtful; (for it is not there mentioned;)] or رَافَ , inf. n. رَوْفٌ , signifies سَكَنَ [he, or it, was, or became, still, &c.]; and رَأَفَ is a dial. var. thereof [signifying thus]; and is not from رَوءُوفٌ syn. with رَحِيمٌ . (M in art. روف .)
رَأْفٌ (M, O, K) and ↓ رَايءِفٌ and ↓ رَيءِفٌ (K) and ↓ رَوءُوفٌ [which is the most common of all] and ↓ رَوءُفٌ (T, S, M, O, K) are epithets from the verbs above: (T, S, M, K:) [the first from رَوءُفَ , like ضَخْمٌ from ضَخُمٌ ; the second from رَأَفَ ; and the third from رَيءِفَ ; signifying Exercising, or having, the affection termed رَأْفَة , i. e. pity, or compassion; &c.; pitying, or compassionating; &c.; or pitiful, or compassionate; &c.: the fourth and fifth having an intensive signification; very pitiful or compassionate, &c.: or] the first and fourth and fifth all signify the same, i. q. رَحيمٌ : (K:) [and ↓ أَرْأَفِىٌّ has a similar (most probably an intensive) signification; as appears from what here follows:] in the saying [of a poet], وَ كَانَ ذُو العَرْشِ بِنَا أَرَافِى [app. meaning And the Lord of the empyrean was, or is, to us, very merciful], by the last word is meant أَرْأَفِيًّا , [ أَرْأَفِىٌّ being] like أَحْمَرِىٌّ [and أَرْيَحِىٌّ , q. v.]. (M.) -A2- رَأْفٌ also signifies Wine; (O, K;) and رَافٌ is a dial. var. thereof. (TA in art. روف .)
رَوءُفٌ : see the next preceding paragraph.
رَيءِفٌ : see the next preceding paragraph.
رَوءُوفٌ : see رَأْفٌ . ― -b2- الرَّوءُوفٌ is one of the epithets applied to God; meaning الرَّحِيمٌ [The Merciful: or rather it has an intensive signification, i. e. The Very Merciful]. (T.)
رَايءِفٌ : see رَأْفٌ .
أَرْأَفِىٌّ : see رَأْفٌ . [This art. is wanting in the copies of the Land TA to which I have had access.]
The roots that most often share a verse with ر أ ف. Window: the verse. Measure: the number of distinct verses in which both roots occur (of the 13 this root appears in). Ubiquitous roots are excluded so genuinely connected concepts surface — see the method.
Page 1 of 1. The root is highlighted in each verse.
وَكَذَٰلِكَجَعَلْنَٰكُمْأُمَّةًوَسَطًالِّتَكُونُوا۟شُهَدَآءَعَلَىٱلنَّاسِوَيَكُونَٱلرَّسُولُعَلَيْكُمْشَهِيدًاوَمَاجَعَلْنَاٱلْقِبْلَةَٱلَّتِىكُنتَعَلَيْهَآإِلَّالِنَعْلَمَمَنيَتَّبِعُٱلرَّسُولَمِمَّنيَنقَلِبُعَلَىٰعَقِبَيْهِوَإِنكَانَتْلَكَبِيرَةًإِلَّاعَلَىٱلَّذِينَهَدَىٱللَّهُوَمَاكَانَٱللَّهُلِيُضِيعَإِيمَٰنَكُمْإِنَّٱللَّهَبِٱلنَّاسِلَرَءُوفٌرَّحِيمٌ
Reference 2:143وَمِنَٱلنَّاسِمَنيَشْرِىنَفْسَهُٱبْتِغَآءَمَرْضَاتِٱللَّهِوَٱللَّهُرَءُوفٌۢبِٱلْعِبَادِ
Reference 2:207يَوْمَتَجِدُكُلُّنَفْسٍمَّاعَمِلَتْمِنْخَيْرٍمُّحْضَرًاوَمَاعَمِلَتْمِنسُوٓءٍتَوَدُّلَوْأَنَّبَيْنَهَاوَبَيْنَهُۥٓأَمَدًۢابَعِيدًاوَيُحَذِّرُكُمُٱللَّهُنَفْسَهُۥوَٱللَّهُرَءُوفٌۢبِٱلْعِبَادِ
Reference 3:30لَّقَدتَّابَٱللَّهُعَلَىٱلنَّبِىِّوَٱلْمُهَٰجِرِينَوَٱلْأَنصَارِٱلَّذِينَٱتَّبَعُوهُفِىسَاعَةِٱلْعُسْرَةِمِنۢبَعْدِمَاكَادَيَزِيغُقُلُوبُفَرِيقٍمِّنْهُمْثُمَّتَابَعَلَيْهِمْإِنَّهُۥبِهِمْرَءُوفٌرَّحِيمٌ
Reference 9:117لَقَدْجَآءَكُمْرَسُولٌمِّنْأَنفُسِكُمْعَزِيزٌعَلَيْهِمَاعَنِتُّمْحَرِيصٌعَلَيْكُمبِٱلْمُؤْمِنِينَرَءُوفٌرَّحِيمٌ
Reference 9:128وَتَحْمِلُأَثْقَالَكُمْإِلَىٰبَلَدٍلَّمْتَكُونُوا۟بَٰلِغِيهِإِلَّابِشِقِّٱلْأَنفُسِإِنَّرَبَّكُمْلَرَءُوفٌرَّحِيمٌ
Reference 16:7أَوْيَأْخُذَهُمْعَلَىٰتَخَوُّفٍفَإِنَّرَبَّكُمْلَرَءُوفٌرَّحِيمٌ
Reference 16:47أَلَمْتَرَأَنَّٱللَّهَسَخَّرَلَكُممَّافِىٱلْأَرْضِوَٱلْفُلْكَتَجْرِىفِىٱلْبَحْرِبِأَمْرِهِۦوَيُمْسِكُٱلسَّمَآءَأَنتَقَعَعَلَىٱلْأَرْضِإِلَّابِإِذْنِهِۦٓإِنَّٱللَّهَبِٱلنَّاسِلَرَءُوفٌرَّحِيمٌ
Reference 22:65ٱلزَّانِيَةُوَٱلزَّانِىفَٱجْلِدُوا۟كُلَّوَٰحِدٍمِّنْهُمَامِا۟ئَةَجَلْدَةٍوَلَاتَأْخُذْكُمبِهِمَارَأْفَةٌفِىدِينِٱللَّهِإِنكُنتُمْتُؤْمِنُونَبِٱللَّهِوَٱلْيَوْمِٱلْـَٔاخِرِوَلْيَشْهَدْعَذَابَهُمَاطَآئِفَةٌمِّنَٱلْمُؤْمِنِينَ
Reference 24:2وَلَوْلَافَضْلُٱللَّهِعَلَيْكُمْوَرَحْمَتُهُۥوَأَنَّٱللَّهَرَءُوفٌرَّحِيمٌ
Reference 24:20هُوَٱلَّذِىيُنَزِّلُعَلَىٰعَبْدِهِۦٓءَايَٰتٍۭبَيِّنَٰتٍلِّيُخْرِجَكُممِّنَٱلظُّلُمَٰتِإِلَىٱلنُّورِوَإِنَّٱللَّهَبِكُمْلَرَءُوفٌرَّحِيمٌ
Reference 57:9ثُمَّقَفَّيْنَاعَلَىٰٓءَاثَٰرِهِمبِرُسُلِنَاوَقَفَّيْنَابِعِيسَىٱبْنِمَرْيَمَوَءَاتَيْنَٰهُٱلْإِنجِيلَوَجَعَلْنَافِىقُلُوبِٱلَّذِينَٱتَّبَعُوهُرَأْفَةًوَرَحْمَةًوَرَهْبَانِيَّةًٱبْتَدَعُوهَامَاكَتَبْنَٰهَاعَلَيْهِمْإِلَّاٱبْتِغَآءَرِضْوَٰنِٱللَّهِفَمَارَعَوْهَاحَقَّرِعَايَتِهَافَـَٔاتَيْنَاٱلَّذِينَءَامَنُوا۟مِنْهُمْأَجْرَهُمْوَكَثِيرٌمِّنْهُمْفَٰسِقُونَ
Reference 57:27وَٱلَّذِينَجَآءُومِنۢبَعْدِهِمْيَقُولُونَرَبَّنَاٱغْفِرْلَنَاوَلِإِخْوَٰنِنَاٱلَّذِينَسَبَقُونَابِٱلْإِيمَٰنِوَلَاتَجْعَلْفِىقُلُوبِنَاغِلًّالِّلَّذِينَءَامَنُوا۟رَبَّنَآإِنَّكَرَءُوفٌرَّحِيمٌ
Reference 59:10No published investigation cites this root yet. When one does, it appears here — the evidence links back to the argument.