From Edward William Lane, An Arabic-English Lexicon (1863–1893), under the root غلظ. Digitised by the Perseus Project (Tufts); Arabic decoded from Perseus's transliteration.
غَلُظَ , aor. غَلُظَ ; (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K;) and غَلَظَ , aor. غَلِظَ ; (Sgh, K;) inf. n. [of the former] غِلَظٌ (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K) and ↓ غِلَاظَةٌ and ↓ غِلْظَةٌ (S, * O, K, * TK) and ↓ غُلْظَةٌ and ↓ غَلْظَةٌ , (O, K, * TK,) all are inf. ns. of غَلُظَ , (O,) or the last three, the second and third of which are mentioned in the Bári', on the authority of IAar, are simple substs.; (Msb;) and perhaps غَلْظٌ may be an inf. n. [of the latter verb]; (ISd, TA;) It (a thing, Msb) was, or became, thick, gross, big, bulky, or coarse; (Mgh, Msb, K;) it (a thing) became غلِّيظ ; as also ↓ استغلظ . (S.) You say, غَلُظَ جِسْمُهُ His body was, or became, thick, &c. (Mgh.) And الزَّرْعُ ↓ استغلظ i. q. غَلُظَ , (Jel in xlviii. 29,) The seed-produce became thick: (Bd:) or strong: (Msb:) or well grown and thick: and in like manner one says of any plant or tree: (TA:) and غَلُظَتِ السُّنْبُلَةُ , and ↓ استغلظت , the ear of corn produced grain. (K.) [And غَلْظَ الثَّوْبُ The garment, or piece of cloth, was thick, or coarse.] And غَلُظَتِ الأَرْضُ , inf. n. غِلَظٌ , and perhaps غَلْظٌ may be also an inf. n. [of this verb, or, more probably, of غَلَظَت ], The land was, or became, rough, or rugged. (ISd. TA.) [In this sense, also, غَلُظَ is used in relation to various things.] ― -b2- [Said of a colour, It was dense, or deep: see غَلِيظٌ .] ― -b3- Also (tropical:) He was, or became, characterized by غِلْظَة , the contr. of رِقَّة , in manners, disposition, action or conduct, speech, life, and the like; (TA;) i. e., rough; coarse; rude; unkind; hard; churlish; uncivil; surly; hard to deal with; incompliant; unobsequious; evil in disposition; illnatured; or the like (S, by its explanation of غِلْظَةٌ and غِلَاظَةٌ ; and Msb: *) and in like manner, [as meaning it was, or became, hard, or difficult, and the like, (see غَلِيظٌ ,)] it is said of an affair: (TA:) and ↓ تغلّظ is said of a crime; meaning it was gross, or great; but this is accord. to analogy only; not on the authority of hearsay. (Mgh.) It is said in the Kur [ix. 74, and lxvi. 9], وا@غْلُظْ عَلَيْهِمْ And use thou roughness towards them: (Bd in lxvi. 9:) and some read وَا@غْلِظْ , with kesr to the ل . (TA.) [See also غِلْظَةٌ , below.]
غلّظ الشَّىْءَ , inf. n. تَغْلِيظٌ , He made, or rendered, the thing غَلِيظ [in the proper sense, i. e., thick, gross, big, bulky, or coarse; &c.: ― -b2- and also, and more commonly, in a tropical sense, i. e., (tropical:) hard, or difficult, and the like]: (TA:) and غلّظ عَلَيْهِ الشَّىْءَ , inf. n. as abuse, (tropical:) [he made the thing hard, or difficult, or the like, to him;] and hence دِيَةٌ مَغَلَّظَةٌ , which see below. (S, TA,) [Hence also,] غَلَّظْتُ اليَمِينَ , inf. n. as above, (assumed tropical:) I made the oath strong, or forcible; I confirmed, or ratified, it: (Msb;) [and so ↓ أَغْلَظْتُهَا ; for you say,] حَلَفَ بِاـِغْلَاظِ اليَمِينِ (tropical:) [He swore, making the oath strong, &c.]. (TA.) And غَلَّظْتُ عَلَيْهِ فِى اليَمِينِ , inf. n. as above, (assumed tropical:) I was hard, rigorous, or severe, to him in the oath. (Msb.) ― -b3- تَغْلِيظٌ in pronunciation: see تَفْخِيمٌ .
مُغَالَظَةٌ is similar to مُعَارَضَةٌ (assumed tropical:) [The act of mutually opposing, and app. with roughness, coarseness, or the like]: (TA:) and signifies a state of mutual enmity or hostility. (IDrd, K.) See غِلْظَةٌ , below, last sentence.
اغلظ الثَّوْبَ He found the garment, or piece of cloth, to be thick, or coarse: (K:) or he bought it thick, or coarse: (S, K:) the former is the more correct: (O:) or the former only is correct. (TS.) ― -b2- اغلظت اليَمِينَ : see 2. -A2- اغلظ [is also intrans., and signifies] He (a man, Ibn-'Abbád) alighted, or alighted and abode, in a rough, or rugged, tract of land. (Ibn-'Abbád, K.) ― -b2- اغلظ لَهُ فِى القَوْلِ (S, Mgh, Msb, K) (tropical:) He was, or became, rough, harsh, coarse, rude, uncivil, or ungentle, to him in speech: (Mgh, Msb, K:) one should not say غلّظ . (TA.)
تَغَلَّظَ see 1, near the end.
استغلظ : see 1, in three places. -A2- استغلظهُ He saw it to be, regarded it as, or esteemed it, thick, gross, big, bulky, or coarse. (Msb.) He abstained from purchasing it (namely a garment, or piece of cloth, S) because of its thickness, or coarseness. (S, K.)
غَلْظٌ Rough, or rugged, land or ground; (ISd, K;) mentioned on the authority of Ibn-'Abbád; and by AHn, on the authority of En-Nadr; but it has been repudiated: and is said to be correctly ↓ غِلَظٌ : ISd says, of the former word, “ I know not whether it be [properly] syn. with غَلِيظٌ , or whether it be an inf. n. used as an epithet: ” accord. to Kr, it signifies hard land without stones: Ks says that غَلْظٌ is syn. with ↓ غِلَظٌ . (TA.)
غِلَظٌ : [see 1: ― -b2- and] see غَلْظٌ , in two places.
غَلْظَةٌ : see what next follows.
غُلْظَةٌ : see what next follows.
غِلْظَةٌ and ↓ غُلْظَةٌ and ↓ غَلْظَةٌ : see 1: these three forms are mentioned by Zj, (TA,) and in the Bári', (Msb, TA,) on the authority of IAar, (Msb,) and by Sgh; but the first of them [only] is commonly known: (TA:) they are substs. from غَلُظَ ; and signify Thickness, grossness, bigness, bulkiness, or coarseness. (Msb.) [And Roughness, or ruggedness.] ― -b2- Also (tropical:) Contr. of رِقَّةٌ , in manners, disposition, action or conduct, speech, life, and the like; (TA;) i. e. roughness, coarseness, rudeness, unkindness, hardness, churlishness, incivility, surliness, roughness in manners, hardness to deal with, incompliance, unobsequiousness, evilness of disposition, illnature, or the like: (S, Msb: *) and in like manner, hardness, or difficulty, of an affair. (TA, as shown by an explanation of غَلِيظٌ .) You say, رَجُلٌ فِيهِ غِلْظَةٌ (tropical:) A man in whom is roughness, coarseness, rudeness, &c.; (S, Msb; *) as also ↓ غِلَاظَةٌ . (S.) And it is said in the Kur [ix. 124], وَلْيَجِدُوا فِيكُمْ غِلْظَةٌ , in which the last word is pronounced in the three different ways shown above, accord. to different readers; meaning (tropical:) [And let them find in you] hardness, or strength, or vehemence, and superiority in fight: (TA:) or hardness, or strength, or vehemence, and patient endurance of fight: (Bd:) or hardness, or strength, or vehemence, in enmity and in fight and in making captives. (Mgh.) And you say, بَيْنَهُمَا غِلْظَةٌ (tropical:) Between them two is enmity, or hostility; as also ↓ مُغَالَظَةٌ . (IDrd, K.)
غُلَاظٌ : see what next follows.
غَلِيظٌ (S, &c.) Thick, gross, big, bulky, or coarse; (Mgh, Msb, K;) as also ↓ غُلَاظٌ : (K:) fem. of the former with ة : (TA:) and pl. غِلَاظٌ . (Msb, TA.) Applied [to a body, &c.; and, as meaning Thick, or coarse,] to a garment, or piece of cloth. (Mgh, K.) You say also, أَرْضٌ غَلِيظَةٌ Rough, or rugged, land. (ISd, TA.) [And in this sense, of rough, or rugged, غَلِيظٌ is used in relation to various things.] ― -b2- Applied to a colour [Dense, or deep: see غَضْبٌ ]. (K in art. غضب .) ― -b3- Also, applied to a man, (tropical:) Characterized by غِلْظَة , the contr. of رِقَّة , in manners, disposition, action or conduct, speech, life, and the like; rough, coarse, rude, unkind, hard, churlish, uncivil, surly, rough in manners, hard to deal with, incompliant, unobsequious, evil in disposition, illnatured, or the like: (Msb, * TA:) and so غَلِيظُ الجَانِبِ ; [contr. of لَيِّنُ الجَانِبِ :] (O and K in art. فظ :) and غَلِيظُ القَلْبِ hard-hearted; (Bd in iii. 153;) evil in disposition, or illnatured. (TA.) Applied also to an affair, meaning (tropical:) Hard, or difficult. (TA.) And to punishment, [in the Kur xi. 61, &c.,] meaning (tropical:) Vehement, or severe; (Mgh;) intensely painful. (Msb.) And [in like manner] to slaying and wounding. (TA.) And to a compact, or covenant, [in the Kur iv. 25, &c.,] meaning (tropical:) Strong, confirmed, or ratified. (Mgh, TA.) And to water, meaning (tropical:) Bitter. (TA.)
غِلَاظَةٌ : see 1, first sentence; and غِلْظَةٌ .
أَغْلَظُ comparative and superlative of غَلِيظٌ [in all its senses]. (IJ.)
دِيَةٌ مُغَلَّظَةٌ (assumed tropical:) [A bloodwit, or fine for bloodshed, made hard, rigorous, or severe;] one which is incumbent for what is like an intentional homicide; (S;) or for a homicide purely intentional, and for that which is intentional but committed in mistake, and for that which is committed in the sacred territory, and for the slaughter of a kinsman; (EshSháfi'ee;) consisting of thirty camels of the description termed حِقَّة , and thirty of that termed جَذَعَة , and forty between the ثَنِيَّة and the بَازِل , all pregnant. (Esh-Sháfi'ee, K.) And يَمِينٌ مُغَلَّظَةٌ (assumed tropical:) [An oath made strong or forcible, or confirmed, or ratified.] (S.) ― -b2- العَوْرَةُ المُغَلَّظَةُ : see عَوْرَةٌ .
مُسْتَغْلَظُ [The thick part of the fore arm]. (TA.)
The roots that most often share a verse with غ ل ظ. Window: the verse. Measure: the number of distinct verses in which both roots occur (of the 13 this root appears in). Ubiquitous roots are excluded so genuinely connected concepts surface — see the method.
Page 1 of 1. The root is highlighted in each verse.
فَبِمَارَحْمَةٍمِّنَٱللَّهِلِنتَلَهُمْوَلَوْكُنتَفَظًّاغَلِيظَٱلْقَلْبِلَٱنفَضُّوا۟مِنْحَوْلِكَفَٱعْفُعَنْهُمْوَٱسْتَغْفِرْلَهُمْوَشَاوِرْهُمْفِىٱلْأَمْرِفَإِذَاعَزَمْتَفَتَوَكَّلْعَلَىٱللَّهِإِنَّٱللَّهَيُحِبُّٱلْمُتَوَكِّلِينَ
Reference 3:159وَكَيْفَتَأْخُذُونَهُۥوَقَدْأَفْضَىٰبَعْضُكُمْإِلَىٰبَعْضٍوَأَخَذْنَمِنكُممِّيثَٰقًاغَلِيظًا
Reference 4:21وَرَفَعْنَافَوْقَهُمُٱلطُّورَبِمِيثَٰقِهِمْوَقُلْنَالَهُمُٱدْخُلُوا۟ٱلْبَابَسُجَّدًاوَقُلْنَالَهُمْلَاتَعْدُوا۟فِىٱلسَّبْتِوَأَخَذْنَامِنْهُممِّيثَٰقًاغَلِيظًا
Reference 4:154يَٰٓأَيُّهَاٱلنَّبِىُّجَٰهِدِٱلْكُفَّارَوَٱلْمُنَٰفِقِينَوَٱغْلُظْعَلَيْهِمْوَمَأْوَىٰهُمْجَهَنَّمُوَبِئْسَٱلْمَصِيرُ
Reference 9:73يَٰٓأَيُّهَاٱلَّذِينَءَامَنُوا۟قَٰتِلُوا۟ٱلَّذِينَيَلُونَكُممِّنَٱلْكُفَّارِوَلْيَجِدُوا۟فِيكُمْغِلْظَةًوَٱعْلَمُوٓا۟أَنَّٱللَّهَمَعَٱلْمُتَّقِينَ
Reference 9:123وَلَمَّاجَآءَأَمْرُنَانَجَّيْنَاهُودًاوَٱلَّذِينَءَامَنُوا۟مَعَهُۥبِرَحْمَةٍمِّنَّاوَنَجَّيْنَٰهُممِّنْعَذَابٍغَلِيظٍ
Reference 11:58يَتَجَرَّعُهُۥوَلَايَكَادُيُسِيغُهُۥوَيَأْتِيهِٱلْمَوْتُمِنكُلِّمَكَانٍوَمَاهُوَبِمَيِّتٍوَمِنوَرَآئِهِۦعَذَابٌغَلِيظٌ
Reference 14:17نُمَتِّعُهُمْقَلِيلًاثُمَّنَضْطَرُّهُمْإِلَىٰعَذَابٍغَلِيظٍ
Reference 31:24وَإِذْأَخَذْنَامِنَٱلنَّبِيِّـۧنَمِيثَٰقَهُمْوَمِنكَوَمِننُّوحٍوَإِبْرَٰهِيمَوَمُوسَىٰوَعِيسَىٱبْنِمَرْيَمَوَأَخَذْنَامِنْهُممِّيثَٰقًاغَلِيظًا
Reference 33:7وَلَئِنْأَذَقْنَٰهُرَحْمَةًمِّنَّامِنۢبَعْدِضَرَّآءَمَسَّتْهُلَيَقُولَنَّهَٰذَالِىوَمَآأَظُنُّٱلسَّاعَةَقَآئِمَةًوَلَئِنرُّجِعْتُإِلَىٰرَبِّىٓإِنَّلِىعِندَهُۥلَلْحُسْنَىٰفَلَنُنَبِّئَنَّٱلَّذِينَكَفَرُوا۟بِمَاعَمِلُوا۟وَلَنُذِيقَنَّهُممِّنْعَذَابٍغَلِيظٍ
Reference 41:50مُّحَمَّدٌرَّسُولُٱللَّهِوَٱلَّذِينَمَعَهُۥٓأَشِدَّآءُعَلَىٱلْكُفَّارِرُحَمَآءُبَيْنَهُمْتَرَىٰهُمْرُكَّعًاسُجَّدًايَبْتَغُونَفَضْلًامِّنَٱللَّهِوَرِضْوَٰنًاسِيمَاهُمْفِىوُجُوهِهِممِّنْأَثَرِٱلسُّجُودِذَٰلِكَمَثَلُهُمْفِىٱلتَّوْرَىٰةِوَمَثَلُهُمْفِىٱلْإِنجِيلِكَزَرْعٍأَخْرَجَشَطْـَٔهُۥفَـَٔازَرَهُۥفَٱسْتَغْلَظَفَٱسْتَوَىٰعَلَىٰسُوقِهِۦيُعْجِبُٱلزُّرَّاعَلِيَغِيظَبِهِمُٱلْكُفَّارَوَعَدَٱللَّهُٱلَّذِينَءَامَنُوا۟وَعَمِلُوا۟ٱلصَّٰلِحَٰتِمِنْهُممَّغْفِرَةًوَأَجْرًاعَظِيمًۢا
Reference 48:29يَٰٓأَيُّهَاٱلَّذِينَءَامَنُوا۟قُوٓا۟أَنفُسَكُمْوَأَهْلِيكُمْنَارًاوَقُودُهَاٱلنَّاسُوَٱلْحِجَارَةُعَلَيْهَامَلَٰٓئِكَةٌغِلَاظٌشِدَادٌلَّايَعْصُونَٱللَّهَمَآأَمَرَهُمْوَيَفْعَلُونَمَايُؤْمَرُونَ
Reference 66:6يَٰٓأَيُّهَاٱلنَّبِىُّجَٰهِدِٱلْكُفَّارَوَٱلْمُنَٰفِقِينَوَٱغْلُظْعَلَيْهِمْوَمَأْوَىٰهُمْجَهَنَّمُوَبِئْسَٱلْمَصِيرُ
Reference 66:9No published investigation cites this root yet. When one does, it appears here — the evidence links back to the argument.