أ ث م

أثّمهُ , (S, Msb, K,) inf. n. تَأْثِيمٌ , (Msb, K,) He said to him أَثِمْتَ [Thou hast fallen into a sin, or crime, &c.; hast sinned, &c.]. (S, Msb, K.) -A2- See also 1, first and second sentences.

ا=ثمهُ ا=ثمه ا=ثمة He made him, or caused him, to fall into what is termed اـِثْمٌ [i. e. a sin, or crime, &c.], (Zj, S, M, K,) or what is termed ذَنْبٌ . (Msb.) ― -b2- See also 1, last sentence but one.

تأثّم He abstained from what is termed اـِثْمٌ [i. e. sin, or crime, &c.]; (T, S, M, Msb, K;) like تَحَرَّجَ meaning “ he preserved himself from what is termed حَرَجٌ : ” (Msb:) or he did a work, or deed, whereby he escaped from what is termed اـِثْمٌ : (TA:) and he repented of what is so termed, (M, K,) and begged forgiveness of it; as though he removed the اـِثْم itself by repentance and by begging forgiveness; or sought to do so by those two means. (M.) You say also, تأثّم مِنْ كَذَا He abstained from such a thing as a sin, or crime; syn. تَحَّنَثَ , q. v. (S, K, in art. حنث .)

اـِثْمٌ أثم اـثم اثم آثم [accord. to some, an inf. n.; see أَثِمَ : accord. to others, only a simple subst., signifying] A sin, a crime, a fault, an offence, or an act of disobedience, syn. ذَنْبٌ , (S, M, Msb, K,) for which one deserves punishment; differing from ذَنْبٌ inasmuch as this signifies both what is intentional and what is unintentional: (Kull:) or [so accord. to the M, but in the K “ and, ”] an unlawful deed: (M, K:) or a deed which retards from recompense: or, accord. to Fr, what is exclusive of the [punishment termed] حَدّ : accord. to Er-Rághib, it is a term of more general import than عُدَوانٌ : (TA:) ↓ مَأْثَمٌ [which is originally an inf. n. of أَثِمَ ] is syn. with اـِثْمٌ ; (T, * Mgh;) and so, too, is ↓ أَثَامٌ , (Msb,) or ↓ اـِثَامٌ , signifying a deed retarding recompense: (TA:) the pl. of اـِثْمٌ is ا=ثَامٌ : (M:) and the pl. of ↓ مَأْثَمٌ is مَا=ثِمُ . (T.) ― -b2- [Sometimes it is prefixed to a noun or pronoun denoting its object: ― -b3- and sometimes it means (assumed tropical:) The punishment of a sin &c.: see explanations of a passage in the Kur v. 32, voce بَا=ءَ .] ― -b4- Wine: (Aboo-Bekr El-Iyádee, T, S, M, K:) sometimes used in this sense; (S;) but tropically; not properly: (IAmb:) I think, [says ISd,] because the drinking thereof is what is thus termed. (M.) ― -b5- [And for a like reason,] (assumed tropical:) Contention for stakes, or wagers, in a game of hazard; syn. قِمَارٌ ; (M, K;) which is a man's destruction of his property. (M.) It is said in the Kur [ii. 216, respecting wine and the game called المَيْسِر ], قُلْ فِهِيمَا اـِثْمٌ كَبِيرٌ وَ مَنَافِعُ لِلنَّاسِ [Say thou, In them both are great sin and means of profit to men]: and Th says, when they contended in a game of this kind, and won, they gave food and alms, and these were means of profit. (M.)

أَثَامٌ : see اـِثْمٌ . ― -b2- Also The requital, or recompense, of اـِثّم [i. e. sin, or crime, &c.]: (T, S, M, Msb:) so says Zj, (T, M,) and in like manner say Kh and Sb: (T:) or punishment (Yoo, Lth, T, M, K) thereof: (Lth, T, M:) and ↓ اـِثَامٌ and ↓ مَأْثَمٌ signify the same; (M, K;) the latter like مَقْعَدٌ . (TA. [In the CK this is written مَأثِم .]) So in the Kur [xxv. 68], يَلْقَ أَثَامَا [He shall find a requital, or recompense, or a punishment, of sin]: (T, S, M:) in my opinion, [says ISd,] the correct meaning is, he shall find the punishment of ا=ثَام [or sins]: but some say, the meaning is that which here follows. (M.) ― -b3- A valley in Hell. (M, K.)

اـِثَامٌ اـثم اثام آثام : see اـِثْمٌ : ― -b2- and أَثَامٌ .

أَثُومَّ : see ا=ثِمٌ ; and أَثِيمٌ .

أَثِيمٌ : see ا=ثِمٌ . ― -b2- Also A great, or habitual, liar; or one who lies much; and so ↓ أَثُومٌ . (K.) So in the Kur ii. 277: or it there signifies Burdened with اـثْم [or sin, &c.]. (TA.) In the Kur xliv. 44, it means, accord. to Fr, The unrighteous, or sinning; like ↓ ا=ثِمٌ : (T:) or the unbeliever: (TA:) or, accord. to Zj, in this instance, (M,) by the اثيم is meant Aboo-Jahl. (M, K.) -A2- Also The commission of اـِثْم [sin, or crime, &c.,] much, or frequently; and so ↓ أَثِيمَةٌ . (M, K.)

أَثِيمَةٌ : see أَثِيمٌ .

أَثَامٌ : see ا=ثِمٌ .

ا=ثِمٌ ا=ثم Falling into what is termed اـِثمٌ [i. e. a sin, or crime, &c.]; (S, Msb, * K; *) [sinning; committing a sin, or crime;] doing what is unlawful: (K:) and in like manner, (S, Msb, K,) but having an intensive signification, (Msb,) ↓ أَثِيمٌ , and ↓ أَثُومٌ , (S, M, Msb, K,) and ↓ أَثَّامٌ : (M, Msb, K: [in the CK, erroneously, without teshdeed:]) the pl. of the first of these three is أُثَمَا=ءُ ; that of the second, أُثُمٌ ; and that of the third, أَثَّامُونَ . (M.) See also أَثِيمٌ . ― -b2- ا=ثِمَةٌ , (S,) and ا=ثِمَاتٌ , (S, M, K, [in the CK, erroneously, اَثِماتٌ .]) A she-camel, (S,) and she-camels, slow, or tardy; (S, M, K;) weary, fatigued, or jaded. (K. [In the CK, we find مُعِيْباتٌ erroneously put for مُعْيِيَاتٌ .]) Some pronounce it with ت . (Sgh.) [In like manner,] ↓ مُوءَاثِمٌ signifies That is slack, or slow, in pace, or going; اَلَّذِى يَكْذِبُ فِى السَّيْرِ . (Sgh, K. [In Golius's Lex., as from the K, اَلَّذِى يُكَذِّبُ السَّيْرَ . Both are correct, signifying the same.])

تَأْثَامٌ : see 1.

تَأْثِيمٌ : see 1.

مَأْثَمٌ : see اـِثْمٌ , in two places: ― -b2- and see أَثَامٌ .

مَأْثُومٌ [Reckoned to have sinned, or the like;] having a thing reckoned against him as an اـِثْم : (S:) or requited for what is termed اـِثْمٌ . (Fr, T.)

مُوَاثِمٌ مواثم : see ا=ثِمٌ .