Morphology · Leeds QAC (GPL)Root · s · f · l

س ف ل

Overview

Computed

Occurrences: 10
Distinct forms: 6
First: ٱلْأَسْفَلِ4:145:5
Last: سَٰفِلِينَ95:5:4

Meaning

Morphology · Lane's Lexicon · CC BY-SA 3.0

From Edward William Lane, An Arabic-English Lexicon (1863–1893), under the root سفل. Digitised by the Perseus Project (Tufts); Arabic decoded from Perseus's transliteration.

سَفَلَ , aor. سَفُلَ ; (M, MA, Mgh, O, * Msb, K;) and سَفُلَ , aor. سَفُلَ ; (M, Msb, K;) and سَفِلَ , (O, K,) aor. سَفَلَ ; (K;) inf. n. (of the first, Mgh, Msb, TA, and of the last, TA) سُفُولٌ (M, MA, Mgh, Msb, K) and سَفَالٌ (M, MA, K, TA, in the CK [erroneously] سِفال ,) and of the second سَفَالَةٌ (TA;) and ↓ تسفّل ; (M, K;) He, or it, was, or became, low; (M, * Mgh, O, K; *) the first contr. of عَلَا (Mgh, O;) and the third, of عَلِىَ ; and (assumed tropical:) both are said of a man; (O;) سُفُولٌ and سَفَالٌ being the contr. of عُلُوٌّ and عَلا=ءٌ : (S, K:) or became lower than another: (Msb:) [and] the first signifies it descended, subsided, or sank downwards. (MA.) Hence the phrase بِنْتُ بِنْتِ بِنْتٍ وَاـِنْ سَفَلَتْ (assumed tropical:) [A daughter of a daughter of a daughter, and if she be lower in descent]: سَفُلَتْ i. e. with damm to the ف , in this case, is a mistake. (Mgh.) And سَفَلَتْ مَنْزِلَتُهُ عِنْدَ الأَمِيرِ (assumed tropical:) [His station with, or in the estimation of, the commander, governor, or prince, was, or became, low, or lower]. (TA.) And أَمْرُهُمْ فِىسَفَالٍ (assumed tropical:) [Their case is in a low state]. (TA.) And سَفَلَ فِىالشّىْءِ , (K, * TA, [in the former of which the context implies that it is سَفُلَ , but it is]) like نَصَرَ , [aor. سَفُلَ ,] (TA,) inf. n. سُفُولٌ , [It subsided in the thing;] it descended from the upper, or uppermost, part of the thing, to the lower, or lowest, part thereof. (K.) ― -b2- And سَفُلَ , [aor. سَفُلَ ,] inf. n. سَفَالَةٌ (Fr, S, MA, Mgh, O, K *) and سَفَالِيَةٌMا) and سُفْلٌ , (Fr, O,) (assumed tropical:) He was, or became, low, base, vile, ignoble, mean, or sordid; (Fr, S, MA, Mgh, O, K; *) as also سَفَلَ , with fet-h, (Fr, O,) or سَفِلَ . (MA.) You say, سَفَلَ , like قَتَلَ , (Msb,) or سَفُلَ , like كَرُمَ , (K,) فِى خُلُقِهِ , and عَمَلِهِ , (Msb, K,) and نَسَبِهِ , (TA,) [aor. in either case سَفُلَ ,] inf. n. سَفْلٌ (Msb, K) and سُفْلٌ (K) and سِفَالٌ , (Msb, * K, [in the former without any indication of the syll. signs,]) the last like كِتَابٌ ; (K;) [and app. سَفِلَ also accord. to the MA, as shown above;] and ↓ تسفّل , and ↓ استفل ; (TA;) (tropical:) He was low, base, vile, ignoble, or mean, in his lot, [or, as seems to be indicated in the Msb, inferior to others,] in respect of his disposition, and his deed, and his lineage: (TA:) ↓ تسفّل is the contr. of جَادَ . (Msb.)

Show the full entry (17 passages)

تَسْفِيلٌ The act of lowering, or depressing; syn. تَصْوِيبٌ . Sudot;, O.)

هُويُسَافِلُ فُلَانًا (assumed tropical:) He vies with, or imitates, such a one in his low, base, vile, ignoble, mean, or sordid, actions. (TA.)

تَسَفُّلٌ [quasi-pass. of 2,] The being lowered, or depressed; syn. تَصَوُّبٌ (S, O;) contr. of تَعَلّ . (TA.) ― -b2- See also 1, first sentence: ― -b3- and the same, last sentence, in two places.

اـِسْتَفَلَ see 1, last sentence.

سُفْلٌ and ↓ سِفْلٌ (S, M, Mgh, O, Msb, K) [but it is strangely added in the Msb that IKt disallowed the pronunciation with damm] and ↓ سِفْلَةٌ (M, K) and ↓ سُفَالَهٌ (S, O, K) The lowest, or lower, part [of a thing]; contr. of عُلْوٌ (S, M, Mgh, O, Msb, K) and عِلْوٌ (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K) and عِلْوَةٌ (K) and عُلَاوَةٌ ; (S, O, K;) [and so ↓ سَافلَةٌ , contr. of عَاليَةٌ :] كُلّ شَىْءٍ ↓ سُفَالَهُ signifies, (K,) or is said to signify, (M,) the lowest, or lower, part of anything; i. e. ↓ أَسْفَلُهُ (M, K;) and عُلَاوَتُهُ [The contr., i. e.] أَعْلَاهُ . (M.)

سِفْلٌ : see the next preceding paragraph.

سَفِلٌ from سَفِلَ , and ↓ سَفِيلٌ from سَفُلَ , (assumed tropical:) A low, base, vile, ignoble, mean, or sordid, man: (MA:) or ↓ سَفيلٌ signifies low (↓ سَافِلٌ ) [in condition], deficient in lot, or fortune: (TA:) and ↓ سَفِلَةٌ , (S, M, MA, Mgh, Msb, K,) said by some to be from this word as signifying the “ legs ” (Mgh, Msb) of a camel (Mgh) or of a beast, or quadruped, (Msb,) and ↓ سِفْلَةٌ , (S, M, MA, Mgh Msb, K,) a contraction of سَفِلَةٌ , (S, Mgh, Msb, or it may be pl. of ↓ سَفِيلٌ , like as عِلْيَةٌ is of عَلِىٌّ , (Mgh,) (assumed tropical:) low, base, vile, ignoble, mean, or sordid, persons; (S, * MA, Mgh, Msb;) or the lowest, or lower, basest, or baser, vilest, or viler, &c., of mankind, or of people; the refuse, or rabble, thereof: (S, * M, K:) and ↓ سِفِلَةٌ , with two kesrehs, is a dial. var. of سَفِلَةٌ and سِفْلَةٌ , mentioned by Sgh and IB on the authority of Yoo and IKh, and is said to mean the lowest, basest, &c., of the low, base, &c.: the pl. of ↓ سِفْلَةٌ is سِفَلٌ ; (TA;) one should not say, ↓ هُوَ سَفِلَةٌ because this is [used only as] a pl.: (S:) the vulgar say رَجُلٌ مِنْ قَوْمٍ سِفَلٍ ↓ سِفْلَةٌ ; (S, Mgh; *) but this has been disallowed: (Mgh:) a man is related to have said to his wife, (Mgh, TA,) who had called him سِفْلَةٌ , (TA,) اـِنْ كُنْتُ سِفْلَةً فَأَنْتِ طَالِقٌ , (Mgh, TA,) meaning If I be low, base, &c., in my intellect and my religion [thou art divorced]; (Mgh;) whence it seems that سِفْلَةٌ may be applied to a single person; but this requires consideration. (TA.) ↓ أَيْمَانُ السَّفِلَةِ means (assumed tropical:) [The oaths] of the ignorant: or accord. to Aboo- Haneefeh, of the heretics, or schismatics: such [oaths] are said to be وَوَجْهِ ا@للّٰهِ and وَأمَانَةِ ا@للّٰه . (Mgh.)

سِفْلَةٌ see سُفْلٌ : ― -b2- and see also سَفِلٌ , in three places.

سَفِلَةٌ The legs (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K) of a camel (S, M, Mgh, K) or of a beast, or quadruped: (Msb:) because they are lowest. (M.) ― -b2- See also سَافِلَةٌ : ― -b3- and see سَفِلٌ , in three places.

سِفِلَةٌ see سَفِلٌ .

سُفْلِىُّ [Of, or relating to, the lowest, or lower, part or place;] a rel. n. from سُفْلٌ . (TA.) [Hence, the pl.] سُفْليُّونَ means Persons alighting, or abiding, in the lowest, or lower, parts of a country: opposed to عَليُّونَ (TA in art. علو .) ― -b2- It is also opposed to عَلِىٌّ [in relation to condition]: whence the saying, مَنْ يَرْحَمِ السُّفْلِىَّ يَرْحَمْهُ العَلِىُّ (assumed tropical:) He who has mercy on the low in condition, on him will the high in condition have mercy]. (TA.) سُفْلِيُّونَ , meaning (assumed tropical:) Persons low in condition, is opposed to عَلِيُّونَ , meaning “ opulent persons. ” (TA in art. علو .)

سَفِيلٌ : see سَفِلٌ , in three places.

سُفَالَةٌ see سُفْلٌ , in two places. ― -b2- One says, قَعَدَ سُفَالَةَ الرِّيحِ , and فِى سُفَالَةِ الرِّيحِ , (M, K, * TA,) or بِسُفَالَةِالرِّيح , (S,) [He sat in, or on, the leeward side; like as one says in French, sous le vent;] in, or on, the side, or quarter, towards which the wind blew; (S, M, K, * TA;) and particularly with respect to the object or objects of the chase [in order that his smell might not be perceived thereby]: (TA in the present art. and in art. علو :) opposed to عُلَاوَتَهَا , and فِى عُلَاوَتِهَا , (M, K, * TA,) or بِعُلَاوَتِهَا . (S.)

سَافِلٌ Low; contr. of عَالٍ . (S, Msb, * TA.) See also سَفِلٌ : and see an ex. voce أَسْفَلُ

سَافِلَةٌ : see سُفْلٌ . ― -b2- [Hence,] سَافِلَةُ الرُّمْحِ half that is next to the زُجّ [or pointed iron shoe, or foot,] of the spear: (M, K:) [opposed to عَالِيَتُهُ .] ― -b3- And السَّافِلَةُ The bottom, podex, posteriors, or buttocks; and the anus; syn. المَقْعَدَةُ , (S,) and الدُّبُرُ ; (TA;) as also ↓ السَّفِلَةُ ; syn. الدُّبُرُ . (L in art. خجر .)

أَسْفَلُ Lower, and lowest; contr. of أَعْلَى (M, Msb, K:) fem. سُفْلَى : (TA:) and pl. أَسَافِلُ . (M, TA.) One says, صَارَأَسْفَلَ مِنْ غَيْرِهِ [He, or it, became lower than another]. (Msb.) And it is said in the Kur [viii. 43], وا@لرَّكْبُ أَسْفَلَ مِنْكُمْ The caravan being in a place lower than ye; اسفل being here an adv. n.: or, as some read, أَسْفَلُ مِنْكُمْ , i. e. being lower than ye. (M.) ― -b2- ↓ ثُمَّ رَدَدْنَاهُ أَسْفَلَ سَافِلِينَ , in the Kur [xcv. 5], means (assumed tropical:) [Then we rendered him the lowest of low: or] we reduced him to extreme old age, or decrepitude: or to a state of perishing, or passing away: or to a state of error; relating to him who has disbelieved; (M, K;) for every infant is born of the natural constitution with which he is created in his mother's womb, and he who disbelieves and errs is reduced to this state: (M:) or the meaning is, we have made him to be of the people of the fire [of Hell]: or [we have made him to go down] to the fire [of Hell]. (Bd.) ― -b3- سُفْلَي مُضَرَ [The lower of Mudar] is said to denote those of Mudar with the exception of Kureysh and Keys: opposed to عُلْيَامُضَرَ . (TA in art. علو .) ― -b4- See also سُفْلٌ . ― -b5- The pl. أَسَافِلُ means The lower, or lowest, parts of valleys [&c.]. (TA.) The phrase كِلَابُ الأَسَافِلِ occurs in a verse of Aboo-Dhu-eyb as meaning [The dogs] of the lower, or lowest, parts of the valleys. (M.) ― -b6- And (assumed tropical:) The young ones of camels. (As, S, * TA.)

Derived forms · 6

Morphology · Leeds QAC

Distribution across surahs

Computed

Lemmas

Morphology · Leeds QAC

Connected roots

Computed · co-occurrence · window: the verse

The roots that most often share a verse with س ف ل. Window: the verse. Measure: the number of distinct verses in which both roots occur (of the 9 this root appears in). Ubiquitous roots are excluded so genuinely connected concepts surface — see the method.