ق ر ض

قَرَّضَ see 1, first signification. -A2- تَقْرِيضٌ also signifies (assumed tropical:) The art of poetry: (M, TA:) or the criticism thereof; the picking out the faults thereof; and the discriminating, by consideration, of what is good thereof from what is bad, both expressed and speculative. (TA.) -A3- Also, like تَقْرِيظٌ ; (assumed tropical:) The act of praising: or dispraising: (S, TA:) or it has both these contr. significations; (K, TA;) relating to good and to evil; whereas تقريظ relates only to praise and good. (TA.) You say, فُلَان يُقَرِّضُ صَاحِبَهُ (assumed tropical:) Such a one praises his companion: or dispraises him. (S.)

قارضهُ , inf. n. مُقَارَضَةٌ and قِرَاضٌ , (M,) [He lent to him, and received from him, a loan: or it signifies, or signifies also,] i. q. أَقْرَضَهُ , q. v. (L, TA.) ― -b2- قِرَاضٌ (S, A, Msb, K) and مُقَارَضَةٌ , (S, A, K,) with the people of El-Hijáz, (TA,) also signify i. q. مُضَارَبَةٌ ; (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K;) as though it were a contract for traversing the land [for traffic], (K,) from القَرْضُ فِى السَّيْرِ , or, as Z says, from القَرْضُ فِى الأَرْضِ , meaning “ the traversing the land, ” like as مضاربة is from الضَّرْبُ فِى الأَرْضِ ; (TA;) and the form of the contract is what is shown by the following explanation. (K.) You say, قَارَضْتُهُ , (S, A, Mgh,) or قَارَضْتُهُ مِنَ المَالِ , (Msb,) I gave to him property (S, A, Mgh, K *) مُضَارَبَةً , (A, Mgh,) [i. e.] that he might traffic with it, on the condition that the gain should be between us, and the loss should fall upon the property. (S, K. [See also ضَارَبَهُ .]) ― -b3- قارضهُ , (S, K,) inf. n. مُقَارَضَةٌ , (TA,) also signifies (tropical:) He requited him; he compensated him; (S, K;) and so ↓ قَرَضَهُ , (S, K,) inf. n. قَرْضٌ . (TA.) Hence the saying of Abu-l-Wardà, (TA,) اـِنْ قَارَضْتَ النَّاسَ قَارَضُوكَ وَاـِنْ تَرَكْتَهُمْ لَمْ يَتْرُكُوكَ وَاـِنْ هَرَبْتَ مِنْهُمْ أَدْرَكُوكَ (tropical:) (A, * TA) [If thou requite men their evil deeds, they will requite thee; and if thou leave them, they will not leave thee; and if thou flee from them, they will overtake thee]: meaning if thou do evil to them, they will do the like thereof to thee; and if thou leave them, thou wilt not be safe from them, for they will not let thee alone; and if thou revile them and injure them, they will revile thee and injure thee: he said this intending thereby to censure them: and it is from the signification of “ cutting. ” (TA.) [See also قَرْضٌ , below.] You say also, فُلَانٌ يُقَارِضُ النَّاسَ , inf. n. مُقَارَضَةٌ , (tropical:) Such a one accords, or agrees, with men. (A.) And قَارَضْتُهُ الزِّيَارَةَ (tropical:) [I interchanged visiting with him]. (A.)

اقرضهُ He cut off for him a portion, to be requited, or compensated, for it. (Sgh, K.) [And hence,] He gave him, or granted him, a قَرْض [or loan, or the like]; (S, M, A, * Mgh, * K;) and ↓ قَارَضَهُ signifies the same as اقرضهُ . (L, TA.) You say also, اقرضهُ المَالَ , (M, Msb,) وَغَيْرَهُ , (M,) [He lent him the property, &c.;] he gave him the property, &c., as a قَرْض ; (M;) he gave him the property, [&c.,] to demand its return. (Msb.) It is said in the Kur, [lxxiii. 20,] وَأَقْرِضُوا ا@للّٰهَ قَرْضًا حَسَنًا [lit. And lend ye to God a good loan; meaning (assumed tropical:) give ye to God good service for which to be requited]: (S, TA:) it is not here said اـِقْرَاضًا because the simple subst. [as distinguished from the inf. n.] is what is meant. (TA.) And again, in the same, [ii. 246, and lvii. 11,] مَنْ ذَا ا@لَّذِى يُقْرِضُ ا@للّٰهَ قَرْضًا حَسَنًا , meaning, accord. to Aboo-Is-hák the Grammarian, (assumed tropical:) [Who is he who will offer unto God] a good action or gift, or anything for which a requital may be sought? or, as Akh says, (assumed tropical:) Who will do a good action by following and obeying the command of God? (TA.) The Arabs say, قَدْ أَقْرَضْتَنِى قَرْضًا حَسَنًا (assumed tropical:) Thou hast done to me a good deed [which I am bound to requite]. (TA.) And it is said in a trad., أَقْرِضٌ عِرْضَكَ لِيَوْمِ فَقْرِكَ (assumed tropical:) [Lend thou thine honour for the day of thy poverty]; meaning, when a man defames thee, do not thou requite him, but reserve his recompense undiminished for thee, as a loan for the payment of which he is responsible, that thou mayest receive it from him in the day of thy need thereof: (TA:) [but see عِرْضٌ .] ― -b2- [And hence,] أَقْرَضَنِى الشَّىْءَ He gave, or paid, to me the thing. (M.) -A2- مَا عَلَيْهِ مَا يُقْرِضُ عَنْهُ العُيُونَ فَيَسْتُرُهُ (assumed tropical:) [There is not upon him what will turn aside, or away, from him the eyes, and cover him]. (Ibn- 'Abbád, Sgh.) -A3- See alse 1, latter half.

تَقَاْرَضَ [ تَقَارَضَا They lent and received loans, each to and from the other.] -A2- [And hence,] هُمَا يَتَقَارَضَانِ الخَيْرَ وَالشَّرَّ (assumed tropical:) [They two interchanged good and evil, each with the other]; (IKh, S, K;) as also يتقارظان : (IKh:) [but see the latter in its proper place.] And هُمَا يَتَقَارَضَانِ المَدْحَ , (AZ,) or الثَّنَا=ءَ , (A, Msb,) or الثَّنَا=ءَ بَيْنَهُمْ , (TA,) [or بَيْنَهُمَا , (in the M, هُمْ يَتَقَارَضُونَ الثَّنَا=ءَ بَيْنَهُمْ ,)] (tropical:) They praise each other; (AZ, Msb;) as also يتقارظان : (AZ:) or they requite, or compensate, each other with praise. (TA.) And القِرْنَانِ يَتَقَارَضَانِ النَّظَرَ (assumed tropical:) The two opponents, or adversaries, look askance, with anger, each at the other: (S, K:) and يَتَقَارَضُونَ نَظَرًا (assumed tropical:) They look with enmity and vehement hatred, one at another. (TA.) And هُمْ يَتَقَارَضُونَ الزِّيَارَةَ (tropical:) [They interchange visiting]. (A.) El-Kumeyt, says, يَتَقَارَضُ الحَسَنَ الجَمِيلَ مِنَ التَّأَلُّفِ وَالتَّزَاوُرْ meaning, Interchanging what is good and comely, of sociable conduct and mutual visiting. (O.) ― -b2- El-Hasan El-Basree, being asked whether the companions of the Apostle of God used to jest, or joke, answered, (TA,) نَعَمْ وَيَتَقَارَضُونَ , (K, * TA,) i. e. Yes, and they used to recite poetry [one to another]: (TA:) from قَرِيضٌ as signifying “ poetry. ” (K.)

انقرضوا (assumed tropical:) They passed away, or perished, [as though cut off,] (S, K,) all of them, (K,) not one of them remaining; (S;) as also ↓ قُرِضُوا [perhaps a mistake for قَرِضُوا : see 1]. (TA.)

اقترض He received what is termed قَرْض [a loan, or the like], (S, Msb, K,) i. q. اِسْتَلَفَ ; (A;) مِنْهُ from him. (S, A, K.) -A2- اقترض عِرْضَهُ (assumed tropical:) He defamed him, or spoke evil of him, behind his back or in his absence, or otherwise; syn. اِغْتَابَهُ : (K:) as though he cut off [somewhat] from his honour. (TA.)

استقرض مِنْ فُلَانٍ , (S, Msb, *) or استقرضهُ , (A, Mgh,) He sought, or demanded, of such a one what is termed قَرْض [a loan, or the like]. (S, A, * Mgh, * Msb.) ― -b2- [And hence,] اِسْتَقْرَضْتُهُ الشَّىْءَ I sought, or demanded, of him the gift, or payment [in advance], of the thing. (M.)

قَرْضٌ (S, M, A, Mgh, Msb, K) and ↓ قِرْضٌ ; (Ks, S, M, K;) or, accord. to Th, the former is an inf. n., and the latter a simple subst., but this [says ISd] does not please me; (M;) or the former is an inf. n. used as a subst.; (Mgh;) or a subst. from أَقْرَضْتُهُ المَالَ ; (Msb;) [A loan: and the like:] a piece of property which a man cuts off from his [other] articles of property, and which, itself, he receives back; [in rendering the explanation in the Mgh, for the words فَيُعْطِيه عينًا in my copy of that work; I read فَيُقْضَاهُ عَيْنًا , which makes this agreeable with explanations given in other works;] but what is due to the one from the other as a debt is not so called; (Mgh, [see دَيْنٌ ;]) what one gives, (S, Msb, K,) to another, (Msb,) of property, (S, Msb,) to receive it back, (S, K,) or to demand it back: (Msb:) or a thing that one gives to be requited for it, or to receive it back: (TA in art. فرض :) or a thing of which men demand the payment [or restitution], one of another: (M, L:) or a thing which a man gives, or (assumed tropical:) does, to be requited for it: (Aboo-Is-hák the Grammarian, and TA:) pl. قُرُوضٌ . (M, Msb.) You say, عَلَيْهِ قَرْضٌ [He owes a loan], and قُرُوضٌ [loans]. (A.) ― -b2- Hence, (S, TA,) (tropical:) What one does, in order to be requited it, of good, and of evil. (S, K, TA.) See three exs. above, under 4. The Arabs also say, قَدْ أَحْسَنْتَ قَرْضِى , meaning (assumed tropical:) Thou hast done to me a good deed [which I am bound to requite]. (TA.) And لَكَ عِنْدِى قَرْضٌ حَسَنٌ , and قَرْضٌ سَيِّيءٌ (assumed tropical:) I owe thee a good deed, and an evil deed. (Aboo-Is-hák the Grammarian, and TA.)

قِرْضٌ : see قَرْضٌ .

قَرِيضٌ The cud: (Lth, A:) or what the camel returns [to his mouth, to be chewed again, or to his stomach,] of his cud; (S, K;) as also ↓ مَقْرُوضٌ : (S:) or it is applied to the cud ( جِرَّة ) of the camel, and signifies chewed: or, accord. to Kr, this is فَرِيضٌ , with ف . (M.) And hence, accord. to some, the saying حَالَ الجَرِيضُ دُونَ القَرِيضِ [explained in art. جرض ]: but accord. to others, the last word in this saying has the signification next but one following. (S.) -A2- The sound, or voice, of a man in dying. (Er-Riyáshee, in TA, art. جرض .) -A3- (tropical:) Poetry: (S, M, A, Msb, K:) so called for one or another of the reasons mentioned under 1, last sentence but one; (A, Msb, TA;) of the measure فَعِيلٌ in the sense of the measure مَفْعُولٌ : (Msb:) El-Aghlab El-'Ijlee distinguishes between it and رَجَز . (IB.)

قُرَاضَةٌ [Cuttings; clippings; and the like;] what falls by the action termed القَرْض ; (S, A, * Mgh, * K;) as, for instance, of gold, (S, TA,) and of silver; and of a garment, or piece of cloth, which a tailor cuts with his shears; (TA;) and of this last, and of bread, (JK, TA,) &c., (TA,) by the gnawing ( قَرْض ) of a rat, or mouse: (JK, A, Mgh, TA:) pl. قُرَاضَاتٌ . (TA.) ― -b2- [Hence,] أَخَذَ الأَمْرَ بِقُرَاضَتِهِ (assumed tropical:) He took the thing, or affair, in its fresh state. (M, L.) ― -b3- [Hence also,] قُرَاضَةُ المَالِ (assumed tropical:) [The refuse, or] what is bad, vile, paltry, or of no account, of property. (TA.) ― -b4- قُرَاضَةٌ also relates to an evil action, and an evil saying, which one man directs against another. (TA.) [What is meant by this is not clear to me.]

قَرَّاضَةٌ A certain creeping insect ( دُوَيْبَّة ) that eats wool. (TA.) ― -b2- [And hence, app.,] (assumed tropical:) A man who defames others, or speaks evil of them, behind their backs, or otherwise; syn. مُغْتَابٌ لِلنَّاسِ . (TA.)

اِبْنُ مِقْرَضٍ , (S, M, A, Msb,) [in one copy of the S, ابن مُقْرِضٍ , and in another, ابن مُقَرَّضٍ ,] like مِقْوَد , (Msb,) [A species of weasel;] a certain small beast ( دُوَيْبَّة ), (S, M, Msb,) called in Persian دَلَهٌ , (S, Msb,) or دَلَّهٌ , (as in one copy of the S,) whence the arabicized word دَلَقٌ , (Msb,) which kills pigeons, (S, M, A,) seizing upon their throats, and it is a species of rat; (A;) the longbacked quadruped that kills pigeons: (Lth, O, Msb:) this last explanation is given by the author of the Bári', after saying that it is a small beast ( دويبّة ), like the cat, which is in houses, and, when angry, gnaws clothes: (Msb:) accord. to some, i. q. النِّمْسُ [q. v.]: (Msb:) pl. بَنَاتُ مِقْرَضٍ . (A, (Msb.)

مُقَرِّضَاتُ الأَسَاقِى A [kind of] small creeping thing ( دُوَيْبَّة ), which makes holes in, and cuts, skins used for water or milk. (M.)

مِقْرَاضٌ is the sing. of مَقَارِيضُ ; (S, Msb, K;) and a pair thereof is called مِقْرَاضَانِ : (Msb, K:) the مِقْرَاض is [A single blade of a pair of shears or scissors;] a thing with which one [shears, or clips, or] cuts; and when you speak of the two together, you do not say مِقْرَاضٌ , as the vulgar say, but مِقْرَاضَانِ ; (Msb;) which last is syn. with جَلَمَانِ [a pair of shears]; a word, accord. to the lexicologists having no sing.; but Sb mentions مِقْرَاضٌ , thus using the sing. form: (M:) or مِقْرَاضٌ and مِقْرَاضَانِ signify the same; [a pair of shears;] like جلَمٌ and جَلَمَانِ , and قَلَمٌ and قَلَمَانِ : (Msb in art. جلم :) or مِقْرَاضٌ signifies جَلَمٌ صَغِيرٌ [a small pair of shears; i. e. a pair of scissors]: (JK:) 'Adee Ibn-Zeyd uses the expression شَفْرَتَا مِقْرَاضٍ [the two blades of a pair of shears or scissors] in a poem; (IB;) and other poets use the sing., مقراض : (TA:) and مِفْرَاصٌ , with ف and ص , signifies the same. (IB.) Hence the saying, لِسَانُ فُلَانِ مِقْرَاضُ الأَعْرَاضِ (tropical:) [The tongue of such a one is the detractor of reputations]. (TA.)

مَقْرُوضٌ pass. part. n. of قَرَضَهُ . ― -b2- See قَرِيضٌ .