From Edward William Lane, An Arabic-English Lexicon (1863–1893), under the root سفح. Digitised by the Perseus Project (Tufts); Arabic decoded from Perseus's transliteration.
سَفَحَ , (S, A, Msb, K,) aor. سَفَحَ , (Msb, K,) inf. n. سَفْحٌ , (Msb,) [and app. سُفُوحٌ also, mentioned in what follows,] He poured out, or forth, water: (S, A:) and he shed blood, (S, A, Msb, K,) the blood of another; (S, A;) and tears; (Msb, K;) inf. n. as above, and سُفُوحٌ : (K:) or سَفَحَتِ العَيْنُ دَمْعَهَا [the eye shed its tears]. (A.) The saying, in a trad., فَقَتَلَ عَلَىرَأْسِ المَا=ءِ حَتَّى سَفَحَ الدَّمُ المَا=ءَ has been explained as meaning [And he slew at the head of the water so that] the blood covered the water: but IAth says that this is not consistent with the language; for سَفْحٌ signifies the act of “ pouring out, or forth; ” and that the meaning may therefore be, that the blood made the water to pour forth; like as when, into a full vessel, something heavier than what is in it is poured; for in this case there comes forth from it as much as has been poured into it. (TA.) ― -b2- سُفِحَ فِى الأَرضِ (assumed tropical:) [He was stretched, or extended, upon the ground], said of a camel. (K.) -A2- The verb is also used intransitively; you say, سَفَحَ المَا=ءُ , (Msb,) and الدَّمْعُ , inf. n. سُفُوحٌ and سَفَحَانٌ (O, K) and سَفْحٌ , (K,) The water, (Msb,) and the tears, (O, K,) poured out, or forth. (O, Msb, K.)
سفّح , inf. n. تَسْفِيحٌ , (assumed tropical:) He did a deed that profited him not; (K;) likened to the arrow called السَّفِح . (TA.)
سَاْفَحَ [ سافحهُ , inf. n. سِفَاحٌ , and perhaps مُسَافَحَةٌ also, He contended with him in the shedding of blood.] You say, بَيْنَهُمْ سِفَاحٌ Between them is a shedding of blood. (TA.) ― -b2- And [hence,] بَيْنَهُمَا سِفَاحٌ (tropical:) Between them two is a contending in fight: or, in hocking [of camels] ( مُعَاقَرَة ). (A, TA.) ― -b3- And سِفَاحٌ and مُسَافَحَةٌ also signify (tropical:) The committing fornication with another; (S, A, Msb, K;) لِأَنَّ المَا=ءَ يُصَبُّ ضَايءِعًا ; (Msb;) as also ↓ تَسَافُحٌ [which is said of more than one pair]. (K.) You say, سَافَحَهَا (tropical:) He committed fornication with her. (A, Msb.) And سَافَحَتْةُ (tropical:) She committed fornication with him: (L:) or she abode with him in the practice of fornication. (TA.) [In all the copies of the S that I have been able to consult, three in number, I find سَافَحَهُ .] And فِى النِكَاحِ غُنْيَةٌ عَنِ السِفَاحِ (tropical:) [In marriage is that which renders one in no need of fornication]. (A, Msb.) In the Time of Ignorance, when a man demanded a woman in marriage, he said, اِنْكِحِينِى ; and when he desired fornication, he said, سَافِحِينِى . (TA.)
أَجْرَوْا اـِسْفَاحًا (assumed tropical:) They made [horses] to run without a wager. (K.) [App., like 2, from السَّفِيحُ , the arrow thus called.]
[ تَسَفَّحَ تسفّح accord. to Freytag, signifies It was, or became, poured out, or forth: but he names no authority for this.]
تسافحوا الدِمَا=ءَ [They mutually shed blood; lit., bloods]. (A.) ― -b2- See also 3.
سَفْحٌ The base, foot, bottom, or lowest or lower part, ( أَصْل , K, or أَسْفَل , S, A, K,) of a mountain, (S, A, K,) which is the part whereinto is poured ( يُسْفَحُ ) the water [from the parts above]; i. e. the part where the side thereof rests upon the ground: (S: [as also صَفْحٌ :]) or the [part called] عَرْض thereof, [see this word,] that rests its side upon the ground: or the حَضِيض [app. as meaning the low ground at, or by, the base, or foot,] thereof: (K:) or the spreading part thereof: (A: [there said to be in this sense tropical; but why, I see not:]) or the face thereof: (Msb:) or the lowest, or lower, part thereof, where it is rugged: (Ham p. 80:) pl. سُفُوحٌ . (K.) ― -b2- [The pl.] سُفُوحٌ also signifies Rocks that are soft, or smooth, (K, TA,) and slippery. (TA.)
سَفُوحٌ : see سَافِحٌ . You say جَفْنٌ سَفُوحٌ [An eyelid shedding copious tears]. (A.)
سَفِيحٌ A sack; syn. جُوَالِقٌ : (K:) سَفِيحَانِ signifies a pair of sacks which are placed (S, L) upon a camel, (L,) like the خُرْج . (S, L.) ― -b2- And A thick, or coarse, [garment of the kind called] كِسَا=ء . (O, K.) ― -b3- السَّفِيحُ [incorrectly written by Freytag سَفِيحة , as on the authority of the S,] is the name of An arrow used in the game called المَيْسِر , to which no portion pertains: (S, A, * K:) it is the fourth of the arrows to which the term غُفْل is applied, which have no notches, and to which is assigned no portion and no fine; these being added only to give additional weight to the collection of arrows from fear of occasioning suspicion [of foul play]: the first of them is called المُصَدَّرُ ; the next, المُضَعَّفُ ; the next, المَنِيحُ ; and the next, السَّفِيحُ . (Lh, TA.) ― -b4- See also مُسَافِحٌ .
سَفَّاحٌ A shedder of much blood. (A.) [Hence,] السَّفَّاحُ is the name of A sword of Homeyd Ibn-Bahdal. (K.) ― -b2- [Hence also,] (assumed tropical:) A giver of many gifts; or one who gives much. (K.) ― -b3- And (assumed tropical:) Chaste [or rather fluent or eloquent] in speech; syn. فَصِيحٌ : (K:) or possessing ability for speech. (S.)
سَافِحٌ Pouring out, or forth; (O, L, Msb, K;) applied to water, (A, Msb,) [and blood,] and tears ( دَمْعٌ ): (O, L, K:) [accord. to some, unacquainted with the intrans. verb سَفَحَ , a possessive epithet, i. e.] meaning ذُو سَفْحٍ : (Ham p. 709:) syn. with ↓ سَفُوحٌ , [or rather this is an intensive epithet,] and ↓ مَسْفُوحٌ also is syn. with سَفُوحٌ ; (TA;) or [rather] signifies poured out, or forth; (A, * L, Msb;) and is applied to water, (A, Msb,) and tears ( دَمْعٌ ). (L.)
أَسْفَحُ (assumed tropical:) Bald in the fore part of the head; (K;) as also أَسْقَحُ (TA) [and أَصْقَحُ ].
[ مَسْفَحٌ A place where water is poured out, or forth; and where blood, and tears, are shed: pl. مَسَافِحُ .] One says, لِلْوَادِى مَسَافِحُ The valley has places where it pours out, or forth. (A, TA.)
مُسَفِحٌ (assumed tropical:) One who does a deed that profits him not. (K. [See 2.])
مَسْفُوحٌ : see سَافِحٌ . ― -b2- [Hence,] applied to a camel, it means قَدْ سُفِحَ فِى الأَرْضِ وَمُدَّ (assumed tropical:) [Stretched, or extended, upon the ground; وَمُدَّ being an explicative adjunct]. (K.) ― -b3- (assumed tropical:) Wide. (K.) You say نَاقَةٌ مَسْفُوحَةُ الاـِبْطِ (tropical:) A she-camel wide in the arm-pit. (A, K.) And جَمَلٌ مَسْفُوحُ الضُّلُوعِ (tropical:) A camel [wide i. e.] not contracted in the ribs. (A, TA.) ― -b4- (assumed tropical:) Thick, coarse, or big. (K.) ― -b5- You say also, اـِنَّهُ لَمَسْفُوحُ العُنُقِ , meaning (assumed tropical:) Verily he is long, and thick, coarse, or big, in the neck. (TA.) ― -b6- And المَسْفُوحُ is the name of (assumed tropical:) A horse of Sakhr Ibn-'Amr Ibn-El-Hárith. (K.)
مُسَافِحٌ (assumed tropical:) A fornicator. (TA.) And مُسَافِحَةٌ (assumed tropical:) A fornicatress; (TA;) a woman who does not abstain from fornication. (Aboo-Is-hák, TA.) اِبْنُ مُسَافِحَةٍ means (assumed tropical:) A son of a fornicatress; (TA;) and [in like manner] ↓ سَفِيحٌ a son who is the offspring of fornication. (Sgh, TA in art. عرض .)
The roots that most often share a verse with س ف ح. Window: the verse. Measure: the number of distinct verses in which both roots occur (of the 4 this root appears in). Ubiquitous roots are excluded so genuinely connected concepts surface — see the method.
Page 1 of 1. The root is highlighted in each verse.
وَٱلْمُحْصَنَٰتُمِنَٱلنِّسَآءِإِلَّامَامَلَكَتْأَيْمَٰنُكُمْكِتَٰبَٱللَّهِعَلَيْكُمْوَأُحِلَّلَكُممَّاوَرَآءَذَٰلِكُمْأَنتَبْتَغُوا۟بِأَمْوَٰلِكُممُّحْصِنِينَغَيْرَمُسَٰفِحِينَفَمَاٱسْتَمْتَعْتُمبِهِۦمِنْهُنَّفَـَٔاتُوهُنَّأُجُورَهُنَّفَرِيضَةًوَلَاجُنَاحَعَلَيْكُمْفِيمَاتَرَٰضَيْتُمبِهِۦمِنۢبَعْدِٱلْفَرِيضَةِإِنَّٱللَّهَكَانَعَلِيمًاحَكِيمًا
Reference 4:24وَمَنلَّمْيَسْتَطِعْمِنكُمْطَوْلًاأَنيَنكِحَٱلْمُحْصَنَٰتِٱلْمُؤْمِنَٰتِفَمِنمَّامَلَكَتْأَيْمَٰنُكُممِّنفَتَيَٰتِكُمُٱلْمُؤْمِنَٰتِوَٱللَّهُأَعْلَمُبِإِيمَٰنِكُمبَعْضُكُممِّنۢبَعْضٍفَٱنكِحُوهُنَّبِإِذْنِأَهْلِهِنَّوَءَاتُوهُنَّأُجُورَهُنَّبِٱلْمَعْرُوفِمُحْصَنَٰتٍغَيْرَمُسَٰفِحَٰتٍوَلَامُتَّخِذَٰتِأَخْدَانٍفَإِذَآأُحْصِنَّفَإِنْأَتَيْنَبِفَٰحِشَةٍفَعَلَيْهِنَّنِصْفُمَاعَلَىٱلْمُحْصَنَٰتِمِنَٱلْعَذَابِذَٰلِكَلِمَنْخَشِىَٱلْعَنَتَمِنكُمْوَأَنتَصْبِرُوا۟خَيْرٌلَّكُمْوَٱللَّهُغَفُورٌرَّحِيمٌ
Reference 4:25ٱلْيَوْمَأُحِلَّلَكُمُٱلطَّيِّبَٰتُوَطَعَامُٱلَّذِينَأُوتُوا۟ٱلْكِتَٰبَحِلٌّلَّكُمْوَطَعَامُكُمْحِلٌّلَّهُمْوَٱلْمُحْصَنَٰتُمِنَٱلْمُؤْمِنَٰتِوَٱلْمُحْصَنَٰتُمِنَٱلَّذِينَأُوتُوا۟ٱلْكِتَٰبَمِنقَبْلِكُمْإِذَآءَاتَيْتُمُوهُنَّأُجُورَهُنَّمُحْصِنِينَغَيْرَمُسَٰفِحِينَوَلَامُتَّخِذِىٓأَخْدَانٍوَمَنيَكْفُرْبِٱلْإِيمَٰنِفَقَدْحَبِطَعَمَلُهُۥوَهُوَفِىٱلْـَٔاخِرَةِمِنَٱلْخَٰسِرِينَ
Reference 5:5قُللَّآأَجِدُفِىمَآأُوحِىَإِلَىَّمُحَرَّمًاعَلَىٰطَاعِمٍيَطْعَمُهُۥٓإِلَّآأَنيَكُونَمَيْتَةًأَوْدَمًامَّسْفُوحًاأَوْلَحْمَخِنزِيرٍفَإِنَّهُۥرِجْسٌأَوْفِسْقًاأُهِلَّلِغَيْرِٱللَّهِبِهِۦفَمَنِٱضْطُرَّغَيْرَبَاغٍوَلَاعَادٍفَإِنَّرَبَّكَغَفُورٌرَّحِيمٌ
Reference 6:145No published investigation cites this root yet. When one does, it appears here — the evidence links back to the argument.